de aburto



J. R. DE ABURTO.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION HLED MAY 24. 1918.

Patented July 22, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

muentoz J. R. DE ABURTO.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 24. 1918.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

J QSE RAMON DE ABURTO, 0F MADRID, SPAIN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 22, 1919.

Application filed May 24, 1918. Serial No. 23 ,342.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSE RAMON DE ABURTo, a subject of the Kin of Spain,residing at Zurbano 58, Madri Spain, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which thefollowing is a specification.

The present invention has reference to internal combustion engines; andit resides in the provision of certain improvements which relateprimarily to the construction of the piston or pistons comprisedtherein, and to the means employed for cooling the same and forscavenging the cylinder, all as hereinafter fully described.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in theaccompanyingdrawings; but while this embodiment may be considered forall present purposes as the one preferred,

the invention is not to be understood as limited to the precisestructural details thereof, since modifications and changes may well bemade within the scope of the invention as subsequently claimed, andsince parts and features of the invention may be utilized withoutothers, and in other and different environments.

In said drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are partsectional end and sideelevations, respectively, of the engine, and Fig. 3 is a horizontalsectional view of a detail.

The engine illustrated in the drawings is of the multi-cylinder type,the several cylinders being inclosed within a common casing and havingthe rods of their pistons connected to a crank shaft which, as shown, is

ournaled in a crank case that is disposed eneath and suitably fastenedto the cylinder case. Each cylinder is provided at its top with a sparkplug S, which may be of any preferred character. 7

he cylinders, as shown, have upper and lower portions of different.diameters, the last-named portion comprising concentric outer andinner'chanibers which are sepa-,

rated by an annular partition wall It". The inner chamber and the upperor compression portion or chamber B of each cylinder have nearly thesame diameter, that of the aforesaid annular partition wall 70 beingonly slightly less than the diameter of the chamber B, which latter isprovided with an inlet R and an outlet T for the fuel and spent gases,respectively, and also with an air inlet 5. The outer chamber D is ofannular shape, is closed or roofed at its top for a purpose presentlyexplained, and communicates at its bottom at one side of the engine Witha rotary distributer K, and at the other side with a vertical passage Mwhich leads upwardly to the inlet port R of the compression chamber B.The distributing valve K, which may have the form of a hollow cylinder,is put in communication in some suitable manner with the carbureter (notshown), and is furnished with an opening for each cylinder, thearrangement of these openings relatively to another being such thatduring the rotation of the distributer (which may be effected in anydesired way), they will supply the gaseous mixture or fuel to thecylinders in the proper order and at the required intervals of time.

The pistons of the several cylinders are likewise of specialconstruction, as has previously been stated, and, like the Lowerportions of the said cylinders, comprise concentric inner and outercylindrical members A and A, which are spaced slightly from each other,thereby providing an intermediate annular chamber z', in which theannular partition wall in works as the piston reciprocates up and down.Both members A and A are connected at their upper ends to the cap orhead as of the piston; and the outer member A is provlded with aplurality of vertical. slots at and with a circumferential flange orshoulder Z, the latter being located at the lower edge of said member Aand being designed to work iii the annular chamber D, while the innermember A, which is hollow, is open at is lower end, as indicated at Z(Fig. 2). Thecap portion 00 of the piston has formed in it adjacent itslower edge a plurality of apertures b, which provide conununieationbetween the interior of said cap and the top of the chamber In so far asrelates to the gaseous fuel employed, the operation of the engine issubstantially as follo:\vs:i&ssiuming that the various parts are in thepositions indicated in Fig. 1, and that the inlet R has admitted achargeof fuel through passage M into the compression chamber B, the piston, asit ascends, will gradually compress the charge in the usual way, thedegree of compression increasing as the movement of ing valve K is openat this time, so that as sion will be exploded, and the piston Wlll bedrivendownward thereby, the ports R and T being opened toward the ,endof the stroke,

and the distributer K closing. The burnt gases will then escape to theatmosphere through the outlet port T, toward which they are deflected bya suitable battle L located upon the top of the piston cap a, while atthe same time the charge previously drawn into the chamber D belowflange Z will be forced therefrom into and through the passage M, andwill enter chamber B through the inlet port B, the bafile directing theincoming charge toward the top of said chamber and thus preventing itfrom escaping through port T. The ports T and R are closed by thesucceeding upward movement of the piston, the distributer K again opens,and another fresh charge is drawn into chamber D, the cycle ofoperations continuing as long as the engine is running.

To cool the piston, anair-injecting system is employed, as previouslystated, the arrangement being such that successive charges of air aredrawn into and compressed in chamber D by the piston, and are thereafterforced into the interior of the inner piston member A. According to theconstruction illustrated, an automaticallyoperating inlet valve 8is'provided for each cylinder, this valve opening into the annularchamber D, so that upon the descent of the piston, the suction createdin said chamber will draw air thereinto through the valve; and thischarge of air will be compressed between the flange Z and the roof ofthe said chamber when the piston makes its upstroke. Com-pression of theair charge continues until the openings m have cleared the upper edge ofthe partition wall far enough to permit part of the charge to passtherethrough into the intermediate piston chamber 2', whence it passesthrough the apertures 6' into the cap portion a: of the piston and, inconsequence, acts to cool the latter, and finally escapes into theatmosphere through the outlet pipe 2 connected to the crank case.Thereafter, the openings at are again closed, as they come opposite thewall of the chamber B, and the remainder of the charge of air issubjected to a further compression.

This same air-injecting system is also utilized for supplying air underpressure to the compression chambers B of the engine cylinders forscavenging purposes; and with that object in view, the air inlets 5 ofall of said chambers are caused to register at the proper periods with aset of openings formed in a hollow,.lotary sleeve 2, which latter issuitably housed and journaled in the cylinder case and is connected by achain 4 with the rotary distributing valve K to be driven therefrom,this sleeve 2 thus serving. as a distribu-ter for the air charges. Theinterior of the distributer 2 communicates by way of suitable pipeconnections 3 with the chamber D, the passage of the air through saidconnections being controlled by normally closed valves 1 disposedtherein; Accordingly, when the piston is making its upstroke andcompressing the charge of air drawn through the valve 8, which latterhas closed by that time, the pressure of the air will eventually reach apoint where it is high enough to open the valve or valves 1 and passthrough the pipe or pipes 3 into the interior of the distributing valve2. This takes place at about the time when the charge of fuel isexploded, at which time,

as will'be understood, the openings m in the outer piston member A areclosed by the wall of the chamber B. The piston then begins its downwardmovement, and shortly afterward uncovers the outlet T; and at the sametime, the distributer 2 turns to a position where one of its openingsregisters with the passage 5, so that the charge of air is then free topass into the chamber B and force the spent gases out ahead of itthrough the outlet T, leaving the said chamber clean.

The mode of operation is believed to be apparent from the foregoing, andfor that reason no detailed description thereof has been considerednecessary. As regards the advantages of the invention, however, it isdesired to point out that both members of the piston are rigidlyconnected to the cap x and, hence, move as a unit, so that only a singlepiston rod and crank are required for each piston, whereas heretofore aseparate rod or analogous connection, and in some cases, a separatecrank, have been deemed advisable for each member of a differential ortwo-part piston to secure the desired results, the present arrangementbeing obviously simpler and less expensive.

pletely scavenge the engine cylinders after each explosion.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:--

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylindercomprising upper and lower chambers, the latter consisting of an. innerportion disposed in alinement with, and having substantially the samediameter as, the upper chamber, an outer annular portion encircling theinner portion, and an annular partition separating said outer and innerportions; and a piston arranged to reciprocate in the upper chamber andin the inner portion of the lower chamber, and consisting of spacedouter and inner tubular compressing members disposed on opposite sidesof said partition, and a cap to which both members are fastened at theirupper edges; the outer member having openings providing communicationbetween the outer portion of said lower chamberand the annular spacebetween the outer and inner piston members, and also having at its loweredge a circumferential flange adapted to reciprocate in said outerportion and said cap having openings formed through it to providecommunication between'said annular space and the interior of the innerpiston member.

2. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylindercomprising upper andv lower chambers, the latter consisting ofan innerportion disposed in aline ment with, and having substantially the samediameter as, the upper chamber, an

outer annular portion encircling the inner portion, and an annularpartition separating said outer and mner portions, a piston arranged toreciprocate in the upper chamber and in the inner portion of the lowerchamber, and consisting of spaced outer and inner tubular compressingmembers disposed on opposite sides of said partition, and a cap to whichboth members are fastened at their upper edges; the outer member havingopenings providing communication between the outer portion of said lowerchamber and the annular space between the'outerand inner piston members,and also having at its lower edge a circumferential flange adapted toreciprocate in said outer portion of said lower chamber, and said caphaving openings formed through it to provid communication between saidannular space and the interior of the inner' piston member, said upperchamber having inlet and outlet ports; an inlet for the fuel leading tothe said outer portion of the lower chamber; and a vertical passage forthe fuel'connecting said fuel inlet and said inlet port and in which thefuel is adapted to be subjected to apartial compression by said flangeprior to entering said upper chamber, through said inlet port.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder; apiston working therein; an annular chamber encircling said cylinder; apip connection leading from said chamber to that portion of the cylinderwherein explosion takes place; a normally-closed valve in said pipe forcontrolling communication through said pipe; means for supplying freshair to said chamber; and a member connected to said piston and arrangedto work in said chamber to draw the air thereinto and compress ittherein; said valve being arranged to open just after explosion, toadmit the compressed air into the said explosion portion of the cylinderto scavenge the same.

4:. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder; apiston working therein; means for supplyin 'v fresh air to the cylinder;means for subjecting the air to a compressing action in said cylinder;and means for subsequently supplying a portion of the compressed air tothe interior of the piston to cool the same and the re mainder thereofto the portion of the cylinder wherein explosion takesplace, to soavengesaid portion.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder; apiston working therein; an annular chamber encircling said cylinder andcommunicating with that portion of the latter wherein explosion takesplace; a valve for controlling said communication; means for supplyingfresh air to said chamber; a member connected to said piston andarranged to work in said chamber to draw the air thereinto and compressit therein; means for supplying a portion of the compressed air to theinterior of the piston to cool the same; and means for opening saidvalve just after explosion, to admit the remainder of the compressed airinto the said explosion portion of the cylinder to scavenge saidportion.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylindercomprising upper and lower chambers, the latter consisting of an innerportion disposed in alinement with, and having substantially the samediameter as, the upper chamber, an outer annular portion encircling theinner portion, and an annular partition separating said outer and innerportions; a piston arranged to reciprocate in the upper chamber and inthe inner portion of the lower chamber, and consisting of spaced outerand inner members disposed on opposite sides of said partition, and acap to which both members are fastened at their upper edges, the outermember being provided at its lower edge with a circumferential flangeadapted to reciprocate in the outer portion of said lower chamber: meansfor supplying fresh air to the said outer portion of said lower chamberabove said flange tobe compressed by the latter during the up-stroke ofthe piston; and means for subsequently admitting the compressed air tothe interior of the piston to cool the same.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the

' combination of a cylinder comprising upper and lower chambers, thelatter consisting of an inner portion disposed in alinement with, andhaving substantially the same diameter as, the upper chamber, an outerannular portion encircling the inner portion, and an annular partitionseparating said outer and inner portions; a piston arranged toreciprocate in the upper chamber and in the inner portion of the lowerchamber, and consisting of spaced outer and inner members disposed onopposite sides of said partition, and a cap, to which both members arefastened at their upper edges, the outer member being provided at itslower edge with a circumferential flange adapted to reciprocate in theouter portion of said lower chamber; means for supplying fresh air tothe said outer portion of said lower chamber above said flange to becompressed by the latter during the up-stroke of the piston; a conduitconnecting said outer cylinder portion to the upper chamber whereinexplosion takes place; a valve for controlling the passage of thecompressed air through said conduit; and means for opening said valvejust after explosion, to admit the compressed air into the said upperchamber to scavenge it.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylindercomprising upper and lower chambers, the latter consisting of an innerportion disposed in alinement with, and having substantially the samediameter as, the upper chamber, an outer annular portion encircling theinner portion, and an annular partition separating said outer and innerportions; a piston arranged to reciprocate in the upper chamber and inthe inner portion of the lower chamber, and consisting of spaced outerand inner members disposed on opposite sides of said partition, and-acap, to which both members are fastened at their upper edges, the outermember being provided at its lower edge with a circumferential flangeadapted to reciprocate in the outer portion of said lower chamber; meansfor supplying fresh air to the said outer portion of said lower chamberabove said flange to be compressed by the latter during the up-stroke ofthe piston; a conduit connecting said outer cylinder portion to theupper chamber wherein explosion takes place; a valve for controlling thepassage of the compressed air through said conduit; means for admittinga portion of the compressed air to the interior of the piston to coolthe same; and means-for opening said Valve just after explosion, toadmit the remainder of the compressed air into the said upper chamber toscavenge it.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

JOSE RAMON DE ABURTO.

Witnesses:

JOA UIM LoPEN, ANTONIO Mmo.

